Russia shifts oil exports away from Europe, embraces China, India amid sanctions

In response to Western sanctions imposed in the aftermath of the Ukraine conflict, Russia has strategically redirected the majority of its oil exports from Europe to China and India, according to Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak.

Following President Vladimir Putin’s deployment of troops to Ukraine in February 2022, Western nations, including the European Union, placed sanctions on Russia, including an embargo on seaborne oil deliveries.

Novak, overseeing energy policy, revealed a significant shift in oil trade dynamics, stating, “We previously supplied 40 to 45 percent of oil and oil products to Europe. This year, we expect the figure not to exceed four to five percent of total exports.” As Europe reduced its reliance on Russian oil, Moscow turned to alternative markets, with China and India emerging as key partners.

Novak highlighted the changing landscape, noting, “China, whose share of oil exports has grown to 45-50 percent, and India have become our main partners in the current situation.” India, which previously received minimal shipments, now accounts for approximately 40 percent of Russian oil supplies.

Reports suggest that India has capitalized on discounted crude from Russia, refining it before selling to European customers. While legally sound, critics argue that such transactions create a backdoor for Russian oil, potentially undermining the impact of sanctions.

Facing challenges in the natural gas sector as well, Russia sought new markets as it reduced exports to EU nations. Despite multiple sanctions, Novak affirmed the resilience of the Russian energy industry in 2023.

In terms of revenue, Novak projected almost nine trillion rubles ($98 billion) from oil and gas this year, akin to pre-sanction levels in 2021. The oil and gas industry contributes significantly to Russia’s economy, constituting 27 percent of the gross domestic product and generating 57 percent of export revenues.

Novak also emphasized Russia’s openness to diverse buyers, stating, “There are many countries expressing interest in purchasing Russian oil, including those in Latin America, Africa, and the Asia-Pacific region.” The geopolitical shift in Russia’s energy exports underscores its adaptability in the face of international challenges.